Notes on alternating current class 12 page 01 alternating current a. The voltage source, the capacitor, and the two resistors are in parallel to each other, meaning that they have the same voltage. The best physics as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Circuit theory i thevenins theorem thevenins theorem states that a linear twoterminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source v th in series with a resistor r th where v th is the open circuit voltage at the terminals and r th is the input or equivalent resistance. For electrical charge to flow through a closed circuit the circuit must include a source of potential difference. A circuit which is particularly useful involves the division. Direct current flows in one direction and has one value. Electromotive force and circuits no steady motion of charge in incomplete circuit. Capacitance, resistance, dc circuits 20, richard white.
Click to read even more a level physics notes and download our comprehensive revision material today. In this article, the fundamentals of electric charge, current, potential difference, resistance and conservation of charge are discussed. Tippens, professor of physics southern polytechnic state university a powerpoint presentation by. There is a potential difference voltage between these. Introduction to circuits and ohms law video khan academy. In this device, the charge travels uphill from lower to higher v opposite to normal conductor due to the emf force. A level students revision for chemistry, physics, geography and maths. Verify your calculations by adding the voltage drops. The design of such circuits will depend on the inputs available and the output required. Free practice questions for ap physics 2 understanding dc circuit diagrams.
Power point lessons of physics physics for o level. The variables which cause and hinder the rate of charge flow are explained and the mathematical application of electrical principles to series, parallel and combination circuits is presented. Since we have three resistors, lets apply a different equation to each as an exercise. A lens is conventionally defined as a piece of glass which is used to focus or change the direction of a beam of light passing through it. At any junction in a circuit, the total current leaving the junction total current entering the junction. Mar 06, 2012 looking at the basic principles of electricity. The lecture notes were prepared in latex by james silva, an mit student, based upon handwritten notes. Cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the skills acquired at cambridge igcse or equivalent level. Circuits make computers, digital cameras, and video games possible. Higher physics electricity notes teachers booklet mrs physics. In alternating current, current keeps switching directions periodically forward and backward. Physics 1003 magnetic force on currentcarrying wire. In electronics, including the text, the term \voltage refers to the physical quantity of either potential or emf.
Introduction to electronics ii dedication human beings are a delightful and complex amalgam of the spiritual, the emotional, the intellectual, and the physical. The key to solving this problem is to recognize the structure of the circuit. C is the current that changes in magnitude direction continuously with respect to time. Current is usually thought of as moving in the direction of positive charge, so from the positive power supply to the negative. These power point lessons help to teach and learn physics. He received the first nobel prize in physics in 1901 in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the. Complete as level physics notes cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the skills acquired at cambridge igcse or equivalent level. The main difference between ac and dc lies in the direction in which the. Jan 19, 2020 this topic covers dc circuits of a level physics. Instructor what we will introduce ourselves to in this video is the notion of electric. Electric power power energytime current x voltage p iv i2r 1 watt 1 amp1 volt 1 kilowatt watts a kilowatthour is a unit of energy the end ch 34 electric current notes concept summary batesville high school physics potential difference charges can lose potential energy by moving from a location at high potential.
A light dependent resistor ldr is a resistor whose resistance varies with the intensity of light falling on it. The teal classroom includes the opportunity for students to use the personal response system prs. Physics 0909 dc circuits containing resistors and capacitors. These include the quantities current, voltage and power. The notes available here are great for revision and studying on the go. Calculating resistance, voltage, and current using ohms law.
On a series circuit they should equal the voltage increase of the power supply. Electricityas level physics notes series and parallel circuits. The equivalent capacitance of the three capacitors is. We can describe the flow of electric charge in several ways. They should see the instruments, handle them, discuss their scales and the scale units before using the instruments. For a polarized fixed capacitor which has a definite polarity, figure 5. In a parallel circuit it is the voltage which remains constant through each arm of the circuit.
Resistors in circuits practice the physics hypertextbook. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force. January 19, 2020 may 14, 2012 by mini physics this topic covers dc circuits of o level physics. In a series circuit electrons flow along a single path through 2 or more loads before. Tippens, professor of physics southern polytechnic state university. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 6 exercise 3. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Lens are used in making spectacles, cameras, cinema projectors, microscopes and telescopes. Compare and contrast series, parallel and combination circuits. A level physics electricity complete circuits questions aqa.
Electrostatics pdf electrostatics problem solving pdf. In a simple circuit that is used to light a bulb with a battery, the battery provides direct currenta current flowing in only one direction. Energy transferred through a power supply per unit coulomb in a circuit. Scientists are people trained in science and who practice the knowledge of science. Complete a level physics notes cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the skills acquired at cambridge igcse or equivalent level.
Notes, flashcards, videos and past exam questions by topic for aqa physics a level section 5 electricity. The sum of the currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of the currents leaving that junction. An electric circuit is a complete path through which electricity travels circuits are made up of wires and electrical parts such as batteries, light bulbs, resistors, motors and switches a circuit diagram is a shorthand method of describing a working circuit. Kirchoffs laws and how they are used in simple electrical circuits. The fundamental principle may still be investigated with batteries of any voltage, so this is a very easy demonstration to set up during discussion time. This paper is an alternative to a practical exam, not an alternative to a practical course. Tom notes that the the bulb has an e ective resistance of 5. Cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the. A direct current does not have a continually changing polarity, unlike an alternating current ac, but instead a constant direction and rate of flow. Ace your physics here with revision notes and practice questions for gce o a level.
It is the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Physics 1002 magnetic fields and force on a moving charge. Module 2 basic dc theory this module describes the basic concepts of direct current dc electrical circuits and discusses the associated terminology. The flow of charge through electric circuits is discussed in detail. Current can be measured at any point in a series circuit and give the same result at a junction in a circuit, current splits in proportion to the resistance in each branch. While in the direct current it flows in a single direction steadily. Electricityas level physics notes free download as word doc. Equivalent to advanced placement if this is too advanced for you, you can try the more basic version here. This article is concerned with the analysis of simple direct current circuits of two types.
Instructor what we will introduce ourselves to in this video is the notion of electric circuits and ohms law, which you can view as the most fundamental law or the most basic law or simplest law when we are dealing with. All other sciences are built on a knowledge of physics. R 1 r 2 v 1 2 to calculate the voltage across each resistor the following. There is a potential difference voltage between these poles. Current i is the rate of flow of charge carriers, such as electrons. For each topics, there are a level revision questions with worked solutions that you can attempt. Physics a level h2 paper 2 2008 1 specimen paper for h2 physics 9745 1 superposition lecture notes 1 tips for handling a level physics paper 1 1 tutorials current of electricity 1 tutorials dc circuits 1 tutorials electrical field no worked solutuons 1 tutorials electromagnetism 1 tys nuclear physics and radioactivity 1. As physics chapter notes direct current circuits a. Difference between ac and dc in tabular form physics. Notes, flashcards, videos and past exam questions by topic for aqa physics alevel section 5 electricity. It can be represented as, the currents and voltages in a. Questions are posed to the class to stimulate discussion and indicate how concepts are going over. Electric circuits electricity means the flow of electric current.
Physics notes form 1 free download kcse revision notes pdf. Equivalent to american high school diploma if this is too basic for you, you can try the more advanced version here. Chapter 28a direct current circuits a powerpoint presentation by paul e. Lecture notes electricity and magnetism physics mit. Apr 08, 2015 the best physics as and a level notes, revision guides, tips and websites compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. We can understand science in general much better if we understand physics. Physics igcse 2012 exam revision notes by samuel lees and adrian guillot 1. In the figure below, the resistance of the ldr is 6. Physics notes on the alternative to practical paper. A circuit that will switch on when it is cold not hot and light truth tables can be drawn for these simple logic gates.
Home as physics chapter notes direct current circuits. Students vote on answers electronically and their answers are. Physics notes form 1 to 4 physics form 4, 3, 2, 1 notes free. These power point lessons are specially designed o physics for 5054 syllabus. The course should teach candidates how to make measurements using many different types of instruments. This question may be easily answered with only a voltmeter, two batteries, and a single jumper wire to connect the two batteries in series. Do all this without the fear of being electrocuted as long as you dont use your computing device in the bath tub. The electric circuits notes pdf ec pdf notes book starts with the topics covering voltage and current sources, network reduction techniques, r. Dc is generally provided by batteries or via a transformer, rather than generators. In the diagram on the right, the current splits into proportions dependent on the resistors. Sat test prep in washington dc, gre test prep in washington dc. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 20 3. Brown physics textbooks introductory physics i and ii a lecture note style textbook series intended to support the teaching of introductory physics, with calculus, at a level suitable for duke undergraduates.
These truth tables should show all the possible input combinations, the logic levels at important. Directcurrent circuits chapter 21 electric current and. Add resistors, light bulbs, wires and ammeters to build a circuit, explore ohms law. Here you can download the free lecture notes of electric circuits pdf notes ec notes pdf materials with multiple file links to download. The syllabus includes the main theoretical concepts which are fundamental to the subject, a section on some current applications of physics, and a strong emphasis on advanced practical skills. Current can be measured at any point in a series circuit and give the same result at a junction in a circuit, current splits in proportion to the resistance in each branche. Potential difference voltageemf in a battery, a series of chemical reactions occur in which electrons are transferred from one terminal to another. In this topic youll learn about the physics behind the electronic devices we use. Physics is the most basic of the living and nonliving sciences. S and average values and form factor for different periodic wave forms, series rl, rc, rlc and. It can be used in a potential divider circuit to monitor light intensity.
Physics is the study of the basic principles that govern the physical world around us. Circuits are driving an unprecedented rate of change in how we live. Jul 31, 2017 a direct current dc circuit usually has a steady and constant voltage supplied to it. The values of each resistor can therefore be found using. Also series and parallel circuits, thermistor, light dependent resistor and light emitting diode circuits.
Volume 2 of 4 module 3 dc circuits this module introduces the rules associated with the reactive components of inductance and capacitance and how they affect dc circuits. Its resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. Voltage divider circuits a voltage divider circuit consists of two or split the supply voltage between the resistors. The course notes were written by john belcher, peter dourmashkin, and senben liao. Ap physics 1 syllabus ap physics 1 is an introductory algebrabased physics course designed to mirror a universitylevel firstsemester physics course. January 19, 2020 november 17, 2010 by mini physics this topic covers dc circuits of a level physics. The junction rule holds because the rates of charge flowing in and out of a junction are always equal. It does not matter if the batteries are 15 volts each. The a level physics content here is equivalent to the physics required for advanced placement. So setup two equations for v for each then i is the same for both. Class notes 1 1 basic principles in electromagnetism, voltage is a unit of either electrical potential or emf. Jan 12, 2020 revision notes for a level physics coursework h1 and h2. These include the quantities current, voltage and power current.